<table border='0' cellspacing='1' width='950'><tr><td width='950'><img border='0' src='image/top.jpg' width='950' height='150'></td></tr><tr><td width='950' align='left'></td></tr></table><p><font size=3><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;Total: 29</b></font></p><hr><br>Id: 29<br>Title: Status and Developments of the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ<br>Author: Werner Wagner and Hajo Heyck, for the PSI/SINQ Team<br>Keywords: SINQ Spallation Neutron Source, target development<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: For SINQ, the year 2006 was dominated by the operation of the MEGAPIE liquid metal target, which was successfully conducted from mid August until the scheduled shutdown at December 21. Over that period, the routine proton current received by MEGAPIE was at about 1300 米A, corresponding to a beam power of 0.77 MW. Thus, MEGAPIE has proven the feasibility to operate a lead-bismuth based liquid metal target at megawatt range beam conditions.
Motivated by the surprisingly high neutron yield of MEGAPIE, exceeding the previous, solid lead-cannelloni type target by about 80%, a liquid metal target for permanent operation at SINQ has become a priority item. A new project is about to be launched to pursue this goal.
On the other hand, prompt and specifically directed, PSI seeks for options to improve the performance of the (standard) solid target with regard to reliability, neutron production efficiency and sustainability for higher power. Under consideration are new target materials, modified and/or more compact geometry, new or improved sensors, optimized positions for materials irradiation etc.
The presentation will outline the most recent and envisaged endeavours towards the follow-up liquid metal target as well as an improved solid target. Moreover, the presentation will not miss to glance at recent accomplishments of SINQ on the side of instruments and user installations.
<br><br>First name: Werner<br>Last name: Wagner<br>Affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute<br>E-mail: werner.wagner@psi.ch<br>Address: 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland<br>Telephone: +41 56 3102517<br>Fax: +41 56 3103131<hr><br><br>Id: 30<br>Title: The story of MEGAPIE operation - the first liquid metal target for the MW beam power range<br>Author: Hajo Heyck, Sergej Dementjev, Friedrich Groeschel, Knud Thomsen, Werner Wagner, on behalf of the MEGAPIE Initiative<br>Keywords: MEGAPIE, liquid metal target, target operation<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: After intensive out-of-beam testing in the second half of 2005, the lead-bismuth liquid metal target MEGAPIE (MEGAwatt PIlot Experiment) and its ancillary systems were installed and commissioned at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ during spring and summer 2006. 
Irradiation with the high energy proton beam in the MW-range started Aug. 14th, 2006 following a carefully defined start-up procedure. Operation at full power and neutron production for the SINQ users commenced Aug. 21st, 2006, and continued in a stable and reliable manner until the scheduled end of the irradiation period on Dec. 21st, 2006. The total proton charge accumulated at the end was 2.8 Ah. The increase in neutron yield of MEGAPIE compared to the previously operated solid ＆cannelloni-type＊ target exceeded the expectations by far. 
Although some unforeseen effects had to be controlled and corrected during the operational period, the operational history revealed surprising results and experiences, and valuable lessons were learned from MEGAPIE. The experiences made provide comprehensive contributions to the conceptual design of a future liquid metal target for extended irradiation periods.
<br><br>First name: Hajo<br>Last name: Heyck<br>Affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute<br>E-mail: hajo.heyck@psi.ch<br>Address: 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland<br>Telephone: +41 56 3102315<br>Fax: +41 56 3103131<hr><br><br>Id: 31<br>Title: MEGAPIE - Analysis of the in-beam operation of the first MW liquid metal target<br>Author: F. Groeschel, S. Dementjev, W. Leung, L. Zanini, W. Wagner and on behalf of the MEGAPIE Initiative<br>Keywords: Liquid metal, operation analysis<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: MEGAPIE 每 Analysis of the in-beam operation of the first MW liquid metal target 

F. Groeschel*, S. Dementjev, W. Leung, L. Zanini, W. Wagner and on behalf of the MEGAPIE Initiative

Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland

friedrich.groeschel@psi.ch


The MEGAwatt PIlot Experiment (MEGAPIE) was initiated in 1999 in order to design and build a liquid lead-bismuth spallation target, then to operate it in the Swiss spallation neutron facility SINQ at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) [1]. The project is supported by an international group of research institutions: PSI (Switzerland), CEA (France), FZK (Germany), CNRS (France), ENEA (Italia), SCK-CEN (Belgium), DOE (USA), JAERI (Japan), KAERI (Korea) and European Commission. 

After completion of the manufacturing and delivery to PSI in mid-2005, the target and the ancillary systems had been tested in an out-of-beam test bench in order to assess proper functioning and determine operational parameters. In the fist half of 2006, the target system was integrated in the SINQ facility. The permission for irradiation granted, in-beam operation started in August and continued until December 2006, achieving an accumulated proton charge of 2.8 Ah and experiencing more than 8000 beam trips. The neutrons produced were exploited by the users of the facility.

The operation of the target was accompanied by an intense measurement and analysis program. Neutron yield and spectra were measured at various locations in and around the target, like at beam ports, instruments and irradiation positions. The measurements yielded a marked increase in flux compared to that measured for solid targets in previous years. Model calculations show good agreement with the results and explain the differences. 

During operation, only the production of volatiles and noble gases could be assessed by monitoring the pressure evolution in the expansion volume. The composition of some gas samples taken allows a verification of the isotope production and assessment of the release characteristics. 

The thermal hydraulic performance of the target system was assessed during standard operation and dedicated tests at different power levels. The deposited heat was determined and the performance of the heat removal system has been assessed during steady state and transient conditions (beam trip, interrupt). The results are compared to those obtained in the integral out-of beam test as well as to the prediction from system codes. The agreement between experiment and models was found satisfactory. 

The analysis of the operation has strongly improved the understanding of the functioning of liquid metal targets. The experience gained provides valuable input for the development of future high power spallation targets.


[1] 	G.S. BAUER, M. SALVATORES, G. HEUSENER, ※MEGAPIE, a 1 MW pilot experiment for a liquid metal spallation target§, J. Nuclear Mat. 296 (2001) 17-35
<br><br>First name: Friedrich<br>Last name: Groeschel<br>Affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut<br>E-mail: friedrich.groeschel@psi.ch<br>Address: CH-5232 Villigen PSI<br>Telephone: 0041-56-310-2196<br>Fax: <hr><br><br>Id: 35<br>Title: The Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos<br>Author: James J. Rhyne and Alan J. Hurd<br>Keywords: neutron scattering center<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The Lujan Center, part of the LANSCE accelerator complex at Los Alamos National Laboratory, operates a comprehensive neutron scattering facility that currently has the largest number of scientific users (over 300 in 2006) of any of the neutron user facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Energy.  This paper will discuss some of the instrument and science highlights from recent run cycles.   The instrument suite currently includes a polarized beam reflectometer, a soft matter and biological materials reflectometer, an engineering diffraction machine, a diffractometer specialized to atomic and magnetic pair-distribution analysis, 2 general purpose powder diffractometers, and 2 inelastic spectrometers (a third is under development).  To complement these spectrometers, a full range of sample environments is available with a strong emphasis on high pressures up to 30 GPa at temperatures up to 2000K.  An 11 T superconducting magnet is used on several spectrometers, and low temperature capabilities will soon include a dilution refrigerator operating down to 20 mK.  The engineering diffractomer includes a stress load frame capable of applying forces up to 250 kN.  A Langmuir trough and sheer cells are available for soft matter studies.  

Some of the recent scientific highlights include the first demonstration of the pulse-echo encoding technique at a pulsed neutron source, studies of air layer formation on hydrophilic liquid surfaces,  in-situ studies of stresses involved in friction stir-welding, local order in nano-particle systems, and a microscopic understanding of exchange-biased magnetic films.

Future plans for the Lujan Center will be outlined including an emphasis on additional cold target moderators for increased availability of long wavelength neutrons.  Plans for future spectrometers and major upgrades to existing spectrometers will be focused on optimizing for long wavelength and high-resolution scattering applications to make optimal use of the 20 Hz repetition rate of the LANSCE accelerator.  A series of workshops, starting with one last October, is outlining some of these opportunities and desired features for future Lujan instruments.<br><br>First name: James<br>Last name: Rhyne<br>Affiliation: Lujan Center, Los Alamos Natl. Lab.<br>E-mail: rhyne@lanl.gov<br>Address: Lujan Center, MS-H805, Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA<br>Telephone: 505-665-0071<br>Fax: 505-665-2676<hr><br><br>Id: 41<br>Title: The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center: Status and Future Plans<br>Author: Kurt Schoenberg and James Rhyne<br>Keywords: spallation source, future source<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) has served the international research community for over thirty years as a premier facility for fundamental and applied science. The heart of the LANSCE facility is the 800-MeV linear accelerator system (linac) that is capable of accelerating both positive and negative hydrogen ions and of delivering those beams to multiple experimental areas simultaneously. Three experimental areas, the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center (Lujan Center), the Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) Facility, and the Proton Radiography Facility (pRad), make up the present LANSCE user facility. In addition, a newly commissioned Ultra Cold Neutron research facility is beginning the exploration of fundamental nuclear physics and the Isotope Production Facility (IPF) produces a wide range of radioisotopes for medical diagnosis, treatment, and scientific research. 

Future scientific missions will require enhanced LANSCE capabilities to support five principal research areas: 1) condensed matter science, 2) fundamental nuclear physics, 3) applied nuclear science and technology, 4) bioscience, and 5) materials under extreme conditions. The LANSCE enhancement strategy is composed of two parts; enhancements to LANSCE facilities that fully exploit existing capabilities using 800 MeV protons, and upgrades to accelerator energy and power that enable new and significant upgrades to facility performance. Central to this enhancement strategy is the LANSCE refurbishment project scheduled to begin in 2007.  This talk will summarize the status of present LANSCE facilities and research as well as future plans.
<br><br>First name: Kurt<br>Last name: Schoenberg<br>Affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratory<br>E-mail: kurts@lanl.gov<br>Address: MS-H845<br>Telephone: 01-505-667-5051<br>Fax: 01-505-667-9409<hr><br><br>Id: 51<br>Title: J-PARC Project Status<br>Author: Yujiro Ikeda<br>Keywords: J-PARC, JSNS<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: Construction of a multi-purpose high-intensity proton accelerator facility, J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) has progressed steadily for its projected completion in 2007 and operation in 2008. The accelerator components of the 181 MeV LINAC are installed through a precise alignment procedure. The beam test of the LINAC started in December 2006 and the beam energy reached to 181MeV in January 2007. The 3 GeV synchrotron components are fully installed into the tunnel. The magnets for the 50 GeV synchrotron are on the way of installation. The Materials & Life Experimental Facility, consisting of the 1 MW spallation neutron sources and the muon facility, has been built. Most of the heavy elements; shutter gates, vessel-window insets, target trolley, etc. are in place. Fabrication of the mercury target vessel is slightly delayed because of the problem associated with welding process. The manufacture of the cryogenic moderator vessels is a little bit slow since the gas leakage from welded parts was recognized and repaired. All installations are to be completed in the middle of this year to make the first beam acceptance into the target.<br><br>First name: Yujiro<br>Last name: IKEDA<br>Affiliation: Japan Atomic Energy Agency<br>E-mail: ideda.yujiro@jaea.go.jp<br>Address: 2-4 Shirakata-shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, Japan<br>Telephone: +81-29-282-6006<br>Fax: +81-29-282-5996<hr><br><br>Id: 53<br>Title: The IBR-2 pulsed reactor status report<br>Author: A.V.Belushkin, V.D.Ananiev, E.P.Shabalin, I.T.Tretjakov, A.V.Vinogradov<br>Keywords: pulsed reactor<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The pulsed fast reactor IBR-2 differs from other research reactors by mechanical reactivity modulation using a movable reflector (MR). The movable reflector is a complex mechanical system, which determines reactivity modulation: it includes the main movable reflector (MMR) and the additional movable reflector (AMR). The MMR and AMR rotors counter rotate with different velocities. When both reflectors coincide near the reactor zone, a power pulse is generated. The factors determining the duration of a fast neutron pulse are fast neutron lifetime, configuration and rotation velocity of the rotors .
The IBR-2 reactor was put into operation in February 1984. At present an average power of the reactor is 1,5 MW and pulse repetition rate is 5 Hz. Due to its pulse power, equal to 1500 MW, IBR-2 possesses the highest in the world pulsed thermal neutron flux for beam investigations, which is 1016 n/cm&sup2;&#61655;s. Pulse duration is 245 &#61549;s for fast neutrons and 350 &#61549;s for thermal neutrons (behind the 4 cm thick water moderators) .
The IBR-2 reactor is used principally for beam studies in solid-state physics (solids and liquids), biology, and material science. The experience of the IBR-2 reactor operation proved it to be a rather effective neutron source, especially in those cases when high neutron flux, broad momentum transfer range and low repletion rate of neutron pulses become more important than the neutron pulse width. The IBR-2 reactor possesses a record neutron flux and yet is a very economic machine. Due to low average power, activation of the equipment and burning up of the fuel are low. Under the established operating regime of 2500 hours per year for physical experiments, the service life of the reactor is about 20 years without need for any serious interventions. However, on December 18 the period of IBR-2 operation expired and reactor was shut down. From this moment the modernization program entered its decisive stage. The new reactor will get the name IBR-2M.
<br><br>First name: Alexander<br>Last name: Belushkin<br>Affiliation: Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna<br>E-mail: belushk@nf.jinr.ru<br>Address: Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Moscow region, Russia<br>Telephone: 00000000<br>Fax: 00000000<hr><br><br>Id: 54<br>Title: The UCN source at PSI<br>Author: Michael Wohlmuther for the UCN collaboration<br>Keywords: Ultracold neutrons, Target Station<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: A new type of ultracold neutron (UCN) source based on the spallation process is under construction at PSI. The essential elements of this source are a pulsed 600 MeV proton beam with an intensity of about 2 mA delivered from the ring cylotron, a spallation target, a heavy water  moderator and a converter system consisting of about 30 liters of solid Deuterium at a low temperature (6 K) for the production of ultracold neutrons. Spallation neutrons are thermalized in the D2O, further downscattered in the solid deuterium to ultracold energies (E < 300 neV). The source will deliver densities of over 1000 UCNs per cubic centimeter.
The progress of the development and construction of all essential parts of the source will be reported.<br><br>First name: Michael<br>Last name: Wohlmuther<br>Affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut<br>E-mail: michael.wohlmuther@psi.ch<br>Address: WMHA/C40, CH-5232 Villigen PSI<br>Telephone: ++41 56 310 3052<br>Fax: ++41 56 310 3717<hr><br><br>Id: 130<br>Title: OPAL - the new Australian Research Reactor<br>Author: R. A. Robinson<br>Keywords: Reactor, Cold Source, New Instruments<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: Australian science is entering a new ※golden age§, with the startup of bright new neutron and photon sources in Sydney and Melbourne, in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The OPAL reactor and the Australian Synchrotron can be considered the greatest single investment in scientific infrastructure in Australia＊s history. They will essentially be ※sister§ facilities, with a common open user ethos, and a vision to play a major role in international science. Fuel was loaded into the reactor in August 2006, and full power (20MW) achieved in November 2006. It is our plan to commence the formal user program in mid 2007, but commissioning experiments will have taken place well before then. The first three instruments in operation will be a high-resolution powder diffractometer (for materials discovery), high-intensity powder diffractometer (for kinetic studies) and a strain scanner (for mechanical engineering and industrial applications). These will be closely followed by four more instruments with broad application in nanoscience, condensed-matter physics and other scientific disciplines. Instrument performance will be competitive with the best research-reactor facilities anywhere. To date there is committed funding for 9 instruments, with a capacity to install a total of ~18 beamlines. An update will be given on the status of OPAL, its thermal and cold neutron sources, its instruments and the first data.<br><br>First name: Robert<br>Last name: Robinson<br>Affiliation: Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation<br>E-mail: rro@ansto.gov.au<br>Address: Building 87, PMB-1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia<br>Telephone: +61-2-9717-9204<br>Fax: +61-2-9717-3606<hr><br><br>Id: 98<br>Title: The Low Energy Neutron Source〞Facility Status Report<br>Author: David V. Baxter, A. Bogdanov, V. P. Derenchuk, H. Kaiser, C. M. Lavelle,  M. B. Leuschner, R. Pynn, N. Remmes, T. Rinckel, W. M. Snow, and P. E. Sokol.<br>Keywords: Cold Neutron, Long-pulse, spectra, faciility<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: Initial construction of the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) at Indiana University is nearing completion and we anticipate that the instruments will begin commissioning during the latter half of 2007. This novel small-scale facility produces neutrons in a long-pulse mode from (p,nX) reactions on a Be target at energies of 7MeV. An energy upgrade to 13 MeV is expected to take place in the fall of 2007, and at this point in time the facility will begin its scientific program. We will report on recent progress in the LENS project, including the successful commissioning of the high-power (klystron) RF system for running the accelerator and construction of a second target station.  In addition we will discuss the anticipated performance of the instrumentation suite and some highlights from the planned research program.<br><br>First name: David<br>Last name: Baxter<br>Affiliation: Indiana University Cyclotron Facility<br>E-mail: baxterd@indiana.edu<br>Address: 2401 Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington Indiana, USA 47408<br>Telephone: (812) 855-0932<br>Fax: (821)  855-6645<hr><br><br>Id: 100<br>Title: Conceptual Studies for a Regional Spallation Neutron Source in the Basque Country<br>Author: G.S. Bauer, F. Albisu, M. Butzek, D. Filges, G. Hansen, F. Legarda, S. Martin, M. Tello, J. Wolters<br>Keywords: Synchrotron; Target Station; Short proton pulses;<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: In a quest to improve the scientific infrastructure in the Bilbao region the Basque Administration entrusted a group of Professors of the University of the Basque Country together with SENER, an engineering firm, with proposing a concept for a large research facility. This group, in collaboration with Forschunszentrum Juelich, worked out the proposal for a regional spallation neutron source which would be competitive on a European level and might be upgradable to a world class facility.
The proposal is to start with a 250 kWb facility driven by a 2GeV synchrotron with a 50 MeV injector linac and equipped with fully coupled ambient temperature and cryogenic moderators. Scoping calculations have shown that a rotating surface cooled solid tungsten target of some 60 cm diameter can be designed to cope with the heat load even at 1 MWb and would last for the whole anticipated life of the facility, thus avoiding the need for a large hot cell. 
While the facility allows to take full advantage of the naturally narrow pulses in the slowing down regime, diffraction and spectroscopy measurements at longer wavelength can be performed at very high resolution and at the peak flux level of the coupled moderators by applying the concept of chopper systems opening several times per source frame, as proposed originally for long pulse sources.
The facility will be designed to be upgradable to the power level of 1 MWb, essentially by increasing the injection energy into the synchrotron to 400 MeV and by adjusting the heat removal systems. This would make it the ideal second (short pulse) target station for a very high power long pulse facility with a proton linac in the region of 1 GeV, in which a small current of H- ions are accelerated to 400 MeV and branched off for injection into the synchrotron.
Keywords: Synchrotron; Target Station; Short proton pulses; Rotating target; Coupled moderators;
<br><br>First name: G邦nter<br>Last name: Bauer<br>Affiliation: Consultant to SENER; Wolfsackerweg 8, D-79761 Waldshut, Germany<br>E-mail: guenter@bauer-wt.de<br>Address: Wolfsackerweg 8 D-79761 WALDSHUT<br>Telephone: +49 7751 2574<br>Fax: +49 7751 2574<hr><br><br>Id: 107<br>Title: Results from the Spallation Driven, Solid Deuterium Ultracold Neutron Source at Los Alamos National<br>Author: A. R. Young, H. O. Back, T. J. Bowles, L. Broussard, R. Carr, S. Currie, B. Filippone, A. Garcia, P. Geltenbort, K. Hickerson, S. Hoedl, G.Hogan, A. T. Holley, T. M. Ito, J. Liu, S. K. Lamoreaux, M. M<br>Keywords: ultracold neutron, UCN, beta-decay<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The ultracold neutron (UCN) source at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has completed a second cycle of operation.
In the LANL UCN source, spallation neutrons are generated via the LANSCE 800 MeV proton beam, which is directed onto a cylindrical tungsten target. The tungsten target is located in close proximity to our source cryostat, with both source and target embedded in a Be reflector. The solid deuterium is surrounded with a polyethylene cold moderator,  held between 20 and 80K by cold He gas, and the solid deuterium itself is placed at the bottom of a 58Ni-coated UCN guide and cooled by flowing LHe to temperatures around 5K.  UCN are produced primarily by single phonon down-scattering in the solid deuterium.  UCN reach experiments after passing through about 8 meters of guide.

During 2006, several changes were made to the source and guide system. This talk will present an overview of the LANL UCN source design, status and results from the source test runs during the 2006 cycle. First results from our beta-decay experiment will also be presented.
<br><br>First name: Albert<br>Last name: Young<br>Affiliation: North Carolina State University<br>E-mail: albert_young@ncsu.edu<br>Address: Physics Department- Cox Hall, NCState University, 2700 Stinson Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606 USA<br>Telephone: 919-515-4563<br>Fax: 919-515-6538<hr><br><br>Id: 123<br>Title: A NEUTRON COMPLEX OF INR RAS -- A FACILITY STATUS REPORT<br>Author: E.A. Koptelov, V.A. Fedchenko, M.I. Grachev, L.V. Kravchuk,V.A. Matveev, Yu.V. Ryabov, R.A. Sadykov, and S.F. Sidorkin<br>Keywords: FACILITY STATUS REPORT<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The Neutron Complex of the Institute for Nuclear Research, the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS) consists of three spallation neutron sources: an impulse neutron source (INS-06), a 100-ton spectrometer for neutron slowing down in lead (LNS-100) and a time-of-flight neutron spectrometer based on a beam-stop irradiation facility. The operation of the INR RAS Neutron Complex is provided by the high-current proton Linac. The current state of activity is discussed.<br><br>First name: E.A.<br>Last name: Koptelov<br>Affiliation: Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences<br>E-mail: koptelov@inr.ru<br>Address: Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt  60-let Oktyabrya, 7 A, 117312, Moscow, Russian Federation<br>Telephone: +7 495 334 00 62<br>Fax: +7 495 334 07 11<hr><br><br>Id: 131<br>Title: IFMIF, a Neutron Source for Fusion Material Development<br>Author: Pascal GARIN, IFMIF EVEDA Nominee Project Leader<br>Keywords: IFMIF, fusion, materials, neutron source<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The research in fusion by magnetic confinement is more and more oriented towards the design of a pre-industrial reactor, hopefully for the middle of this century. Two main knowledge categories are mandatory and structure the international effort in this domain of research:
&#8226;	The physics of the plasma, and in particular its behaviour in combustion, its interaction with the components facing it, and all technologies specific to fusion (superconducting magnets, very high flux components, remote handling, tritium cycle, etc.)
&#8226;	The materials adequate for the plasma facing components and the structure of the machine (vacuum vessel in particular), the energy of fusion neutrons (14 MeV) and their intensity being well beyond fission neutrons.
ITER, whose construction has been decided in June 2005, is an international effort aiming at answering to the first set of questions. The knowledge and characterisation of materials for fusion will be devoted to a second installation, called IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility).
IFMIF consists of a set of two parallel deuteron accelerators (40 MeV, 125 mA each, CW) bringing the beams to a liquid lithium target flowing at a velocity of about 15 m/s. The interaction between the deuterons and the lithium generates a flux of neutrons whose spectrum is rather well suited with fusion needs (main peak at 14 MeV). Three sets of test cells will host the material samples, with damage rates ranging from 50 dpa per year to a few dpa per year for the lowest part of the test facilities. The overall available volume is 8 litres.
After several conceptual phases, the Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) are about to start in the framework of a bilateral collaborative effort between the European Union and Japan, called Broader Approach.
The talk will describe the overall project, its main challenges and its organisation.<br><br>First name: Pascal<br>Last name: GARIN<br>Affiliation: CEA<br>E-mail: pascal.garin@cea.fr<br>Address: CEA/Cadarache - 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France<br>Telephone: +33 4 42 25 45 43<br>Fax: +33 4 42 25 63 75<hr><br><br>Id: 135<br>Title: A simulation workshop for an improved instrument suite on the ESS Long Pulse Target<br>Author: E. Farhi, H. Schober, P. Tindemans, K. Lefmann, P. Allenspach<br>Keywords: European Spallation Source; Monte Carlo simulation<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The ESS reference design was presented on the occasion of the Bonn meeting in 2002. Since then, the SNS has produced its first neutron pulses and the Japanese JPARC project has moved ahead and will create first neutron beams in 2007.  On the European front, the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) has prepared a document reviewing the challenges, risks and returns of competitive large scale Research Facilities for Europe.  In particular, in the field of Material Sciences, ESFRI has recognized that the European leadership in neutrons is now decreasing and has proposed that the European Spallation Source (ESS) be a high priority for Europe. ESFRI has also recommended to ※upgrade the instruments suite of the international source ILL§.

The original ESS design contained two target stations: a long pulse (LP) station and a short pulse (SP) station, to be fed by the same accelerator. The European Spallation Source Initiative has decided that the ESS should initially be a 5 MW LP facility. ESFRI has endorsed this choice. Initiatives from several European governments have recently indicated willingness to host the ESS (Sweden and Spain). For the start of formal negotiations it was important to consider again the list of neutron instruments which would benefit most from the neutron beams produced by a 5 MW LP target station.

In this context we have brought together neutron instrument experts and instrument modelers to discuss and assess potential gains expected from the ESS LP target station with respect to existing and planned neutron sources.

The proposed ESS-LP might initially be seen as a compromise, to lower the building cost. However, the outcome from the workshop shows that a 5 MW LP station will easily beat a 1MW SP station for most instrument types. These instruments which were marked as 'some lead' in the initial Volume III of the ESS report will then be upgraded to world lead (best of their class). Indeed, on a long pulse station, the combination of the low  repetition  rate,  the  implementation  of pulse  shaping  choppers  and  the  long  distances to the instruments allow for a flexible choice of resolution and increase of intensity by multiplexing. It is then closer in performances to a reactor source than short pulse sources as SNS and JSNS. Novel techniques (higher m-values for supermirrors, smart guide design etc, will give additional gain by the time ESS-LP is coming up.
Moreover, the building of such a target probably comprises less technical uncertainties.
<br><br>First name: Emmanuel<br>Last name: FARHI<br>Affiliation: Institut Laue Langevin<br>E-mail: farhi@ill.fr<br>Address: ILL, 6 rue J. Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9,France<br>Telephone: +(33) 4 76207135<br>Fax:  +(33) 4 76207648<hr><br><br>Id: 136<br>Title: Status and Development of SPIRAL 2 at GANIL<br>Author: Jean-Michel LAGNIEL<br>Keywords: Radioactive beam, neutron source, high power accel<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The SPIRAL 2 project aims at delivering high intensities of rare isotope beams by adopting the best production method for each respective radioactive beam. The unstable beams will be produced by the ISOL ※Isotope Separation On-Line§ method via a 200 kW deuteron-neutron converter, or by direct irradiation and by in-flight techniques. The combination of these techniques (i.e. via fission induced by fast neutrons in a uranium target or by direct bombardment of the fissile material, or via fusion-evaporation with unstable beams or heavy ion beams) will allow to cover broad areas of the nuclear chart. In addition to fundamental research in nuclear physics, the SPIRAL 2 facility will be also a high performance multidisciplinary tool, especially in fields of science requiring high neutron fluxes such as material sciences, atomic, plasma and surface physics.
<br><br>First name: Jean-Michel<br>Last name: LAGNIEL<br>Affiliation: GANIL<br>E-mail: lagniel@ganil.fr<br>Address: GANIL, Bld Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen, FRANCE<br>Telephone: +33 2 31 45 49 95<br>Fax: +33 2 31 45 44 26<hr><br><br>Id: 142<br>Title: The European Spallation Source in Lund<br>Author: C J Carlile, K-F Berggren, P Carlsson, and C Johansson<br>Keywords: ESS, Lund, Sweden,<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The design of the European Spallation Source Project has been refined in recent years informed by experience elsewhere, by the expressed needs of the user community and by instrument simulation. The single long-pulse target station design, now favoured by the European user community represented by ENSA, and which features on the ESFRI Roadmap, promises to be the world＊s most intense and most richly instrumented neutron source by the year 2025.

The ESS-Scandinavia consortium, which brings together more than 20 different municipal, academic and industrial partners, has undertaken many studies over the past five years and is actively preparing the ground for a positive decision on siting and funding. 

A review will be given of the preparations for the construction of the new source in Lund, given this positive decision. Numerous site-dependent studies have been concluded, encompassing environmental design aspects, the energy economy and public acceptance to economic impact and decommissioning, as well as less site-dependent matters such as the accelerator, the target and appropriate materials, the instrument suite, and of course full lifetime costs, on which significant additional effort has been placed. Current planning in Lund would allow the start of site-preparation work in January 2009 and construction thereafter, with first neutrons being delivered some eight years later.
<br><br>First name: Colin<br>Last name: Carlile<br>Affiliation: Lund University, Sweden<br>E-mail: colin.carlile@ess-scandinavia.org<br>Address: Physics Department, Lunds Universitet, Solvegatan, Box 117,<br>Telephone: 0033 686 293 67<br>Fax: <hr><br><br>Id: 143<br>Title: The European Spallation Source in Lund<br>Author: C J Carlile, K-F Berggren, P Carlsson, and C Johansson<br>Keywords: ESS, Lund, Sweden,<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The design of the European Spallation Source Project has been refined in recent years informed by experience elsewhere, by the expressed needs of the user community and by instrument simulation. The single long-pulse target station design, now favoured by the European user community represented by ENSA, and which features on the ESFRI Roadmap, promises to be the world＊s most intense and most richly instrumented neutron source by the year 2025.

The ESS-Scandinavia consortium, which brings together more than 20 different municipal, academic and industrial partners, has undertaken many studies over the past five years and is actively preparing the ground for a positive decision on siting and funding. 

A review will be given of the preparations for the construction of the new source in Lund, given this positive decision. Numerous site-dependent studies have been concluded, encompassing environmental design aspects, the energy economy and public acceptance to economic impact and decommissioning, as well as less site-dependent matters such as the accelerator, the target and appropriate materials, the instrument suite, and of course full lifetime costs, on which significant additional effort has been placed. Current planning in Lund would allow the start of site-preparation work in January 2009 and construction thereafter, with first neutrons being delivered some eight years later.
<br><br>First name: Colin<br>Last name: Carlile<br>Affiliation: Lund University, Sweden<br>E-mail: colin.carlile@ess-scandinavia.org<br>Address: Physics Department, Lunds Universitet, Solvegatan, Box 117, Lund, Sweden<br>Telephone: 0033 686 293 67<br>Fax: <hr><br><br>Id: 207<br>Title: Consensus on 5 MW Long Pulse upgradeable ESS enables Europe to define the next frontier in neutron s<br>Author: Peter Tindemans<br>Keywords: ESS 5MW ESFRI Europe's next generation source<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: As Science put it last October; the dark horse 𡌃uropean Spallation Source� is finally arriving at the start of the race towards the best neutron source in the world. The US and Japan have taken the lead to implement with SNS and JSNS the top tier of the OECD Megascience Forum global strategy for neutron provision. In Europe consensus exists that the ESS will be a 5 MW Long Pulse source with ~40 instruments, and eventually possibly more power and target stations. Complementarity to other spallation sources is maximal, and technical risks minimal. Target cavitation as a consequence of protons directly hitting liquid Hg nuclei is much less than for a SP source, though recent investigations show indirect cavitation to be probably relevant also for a LP target station. But this more detailed insight into the causes of cavitation also point to solutions. Moreover, a solid stationary and a solid rotating target option have been elaborated, and the recent PSI experience points to a Pb-Bi possibility. Simulations of optimized LP instruments demonstrate that the performance of the LP ESS will supersede the 2002 estimates for thermal and cold neutrons, with more gains coming from high m-values for supermirrors and smart guide design.
European consensus is largely the result of the European Road Map for Research Infrastructures that has been put together by the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastuctures comprising high level representatives of the EU member states and the EU Commission. The Road Maps singles out the 1.2 B� ESS and ILL 20/20 as European projects to be realized in the field of neutrons research. The Spanish and the Swedish government have officially announced bids to host ESS in Lund and Bilbao, respectively, and indicated substantial financial support (~40% of construction, ~10% of operational costs). Hungary and the UK are expected to follow soon. Governments hope to reach a decision within a year on a site and funding distribution. The ESS could then be delivering its first beam on target in 2017/2018, following a construction model in which labs and companies from all the site contenders as well as others in Europe will be involved.
<br><br>First name: Peter<br>Last name: Tindemans<br>Affiliation: Chairman European Spallation Source Initiative<br>E-mail: peter@tindemans.demon.nl<br>Address: Jozef Israelslaan 41, 2596 AN, The Hague, Netherlands<br>Telephone: +31 62044 1945<br>Fax: +31 70 3244711<hr><br><br>Id: 217<br>Title: SNS Commissioning and Early Operations<br>Author: Stuart Henderson<br>Keywords: Operations, Commissioning<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: Construction of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was formally completed in June 2006.  The major beam commissioning performance goals were achieved in seven discrete beam commissioning runs beginning in 2002.  The facility is now several months into the beam-power ramp-up phase, in which the full performance of the SNS is expected to be achieved in three years.  Commissioning and initial operating experience will be reviewed.<br><br>First name: Stuart<br>Last name: Henderson<br>Affiliation: SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory<br>E-mail: shenderson@ornl.gov<br>Address: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Bldg. 8600, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6462<br>Telephone: 865-241-6794<br>Fax: 865-574-6617<hr><br><br>Id: 219<br>Title: Recent Progress at ISIS<br>Author: Andrew Taylor<br>Keywords: Operation experience<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: Recent developments at ISIS,including:

Review of progress on the Second Target Station  and Discussion on lessons learned from more than twenty years of successful operation of a world-ranking user facility 

 

<br><br>First name: Andrew<br>Last name: Taylor<br>Affiliation: RAL/ISIS<br>E-mail: S.E.Carter@rl.ac.uk<br>Address: ************<br>Telephone: 01235 445610<br>Fax: 01235 445610<hr><br><br>Id: 224<br>Title: Efficiency in Particle Therapy - Using new Workflow Opporunities in Particle Therapy Facilities<br>Author: Matthias Herforth, Dr. Konstanze Gunzert-Marx<br>Keywords: Workflow, Patient Throughput, Particle Therapy<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The intention of an investment in a particle therapy center is the availability of best quality tumor treatment for a large patient number 每 combined with a positive outcome concerning the economical point of view.

Emerging from being used in research facilities worldwide, particle therapy today can offer more than only adding its favorable physical properties to cancer treatment. It seems that there is more potential, than to just transfer conventional treatment technology to adapt to the particle beam physics and to use the appropriate accelerator technology. Every step of the beam delivery, as every step of the patient flow through the facility has to be examined for improvements to gain on treatment precision and on patient comfort.

For very high tumor conformity Siemens Medical and its partners have designed an active beam application system appropriate for protons and carbon ions to benefit also from the high LET of carbon ions. This system is supplied by a synchrotron for active energy variation to keep nuclear activation and maintenance effort low. To obtain high patient throughput with a reasonable investment, the Siemens PT centers provide elaborate workflow assistance. 

Examples for innovative workflow support are the robotic patient positioning system, the robotic imaging system for verification and the patient transport system using shuttles to allow patient immobilization outside of the treatment room if required.
Patient positioning and position verification systems are an essential part of the clinical workflow in particle therapy centers. The systems have to fit into different room settings like fixed beam or gantry rooms and have to fulfill highest pretensions in terms of accuracy and patient comfort.  First systems are being installed at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT) right know with very good test results.

Integrated IT helps to keep redundancy and unnecessary information loops low.  The information chain comprehends Hospital and Oncology Information Systems, Imaging Modalities, Picture Administration and Communication Systems, Therapy Planning and Treatment Workspaces as well as any IT upgrades to specific parts of the chain.

Forward thinking service concepts as another example facilitate operating risks for particle therapy centers.
<br><br>First name: Matthias<br>Last name: Herforth<br>Affiliation: Siemens Medical Solutions, Particle Therapy<br>E-mail: matthias.herforth@siemens.com<br>Address: - Siemens Medical Solutions, Particle Therapy, Hofmannstr. 26, 91052 Erlangen, Germany<br>Telephone: +49 9131 84-6768<br>Fax: +49 9131 84-2300<hr><br><br>Id: 225<br>Title: Clinical Operations of the Loma Linda University Proton Facility<br>Author: Jerry D. Slater, MD<br>Keywords: protons<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The Loma Linda, CA proton treatment facility opened for patient treatment over 16 years ago.  Since beginning, over 12,000 patients have been treated for benign and malignant diseases.  New clinical applications and technical developments are expanding the capabilities of protons. Clinical outcomes and future directions will be discussed.<br><br>First name: Jerry<br>Last name: Slater<br>Affiliation: Loma Linda University<br>E-mail: jdslater@dominion.llumc.edu<br>Address: 11234 Anderson St  Loma Linda, CA  USA<br>Telephone: 909 558-4258<br>Fax: <hr><br><br>Id: 230<br>Title: 羻豂麠� 黟澽!!!<br>Author: 轉� 砓氋鴈 int.<br>Keywords: iSHMAel@ku.com<br>Presentation: o<br>Abstract: ak072900473 http://milfxxxpass.com/#0 - milf sex   <a href=http://milfxxxpass.com/#1>milf cruiser</a>   [URL=http://milfxxxpass.com/#2] milf sex[/URL]   [http://milfxxxpass.com/#3 milf hunter]   [link]http://milfxxxpass.com/#4[/link] <br><br>First name: iSHMAel@ku.com<br>Last name: iSHMAel@ku.com<br>Affiliation: iSHMAel@ku.com<br>E-mail: root999@mail.php<br>Address: iSHMAel@ku.com<br>Telephone: iSHMAel@ku.com<br>Fax: iSHMAel@ku.com<hr><br><br>Id: 232<br>Title: IPNS Status Report<br>Author: James W. Richardson<br>Keywords: IPNS<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) celebrated 25 continuous years of operation in May 2006.  Starting with 4 spectrometers in 1981, the number of instruments in the user program rose to a maximum of 12 by the year 2000.  Due to funding shortfalls in recent years, there are currently just 8 instruments fully in the user program, with three more operating as ※friendly-user§ instruments.  IPNS historically has operated 24-26 weeks/year with calls for proposals every 6 months.  In the current fiscal year the operating schedule is 18 weeks.  With uncertain future funding, IPNS will likely continue operating at 18-20 weeks/year, shifting to three operating periods to better accommodate academic users in the summer months.
Science programs on IPNS instruments remain very strong, with the completion in 2004-2006 of a series of major instrument enhancements.  Over 300 users performed ~350 experiments in 2006.  IPNS work was reported in 133 publications in 2006, with over 10% in high-profile journals (e.g., Nature, Science, Phys. Rev. Letters).  Argonne scientists continue to lead instrument conceptualization and prototyping projects for possible implementation at the SNS.  This includes designs for a single crystal diffractometer dedicated to large-scale structures such as proteins, an instrument designed for spin-echo spectroscopy with small-angle scattering, a correlation chopper-based diffractometer for measuring elastic diffuse scattering and a grazing incidence spin-echo reflectometer.
With the long-term future of IPNS in doubt, Argonne has undertaken an effort to create the Argonne Scattering and Imaging Institute (ASII).  This organization will be comprised of scattering scientists and software experts focused on addressing common data visualization and analysis needs of state-of-the-art neutron and x-ray scattering facilities.  ASII aspires to:
&#8226;	Create strong but flexible interfaces with major US facilities and scattering research groups at DOE laboratories and universities
&#8226;	Become a driver for new discoveries through more effective use of neutron, x-ray and electron scattering data
&#8226;	Become a leading innovator in instrumentation design; scattering theory, simulation and analysis; and data visualization
&#8226;	Become the centerpiece of community scattering data analysis development through the creation of a large group of dedicated scientists and programmers
&#8226;	Have an organizational structure that maintains a stable intellectual base, but adapts as new scientific challenges are identified
Argonne National Laboratory's work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.

<br><br>First name: James<br>Last name: Richardson<br>Affiliation: LANL<br>E-mail: jwrichardson@anl.gov<br>Address: 9700 So. Cass Ave,  Argonne, IL  USA  60439<br>Telephone: 01-630-252-3554<br>Fax: 01-630-252-3554<hr><br><br>Id: 233<br>Title: Design and R&D status of the China Spallation Neutron Source<br>Author: Jie Wei<br>Keywords: Neutron source<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based project currently at its R&D stage under the direction of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). 
The complex is based on an H$^-$ linear accelerator, a rapid cycling proton synchrotron accelerating the beam to 1.6 GeV, a solid tungsten target station, and five initial instruments for spallation neutron applications. The facility will operate at 25 Hz repetition rate with a phase-I beam power of about 120 kW. Upon completion, the facility will compliment existing synchrotron light sources and research reactors in China to meet the demand of multidiscipline users. The major challenge during project construction is to build a robust and reliable user's facility with sufficient upgrade potential at a fractional of ``world standard'' cost. 
<br><br>First name: Jie<br>Last name: Wei<br>Affiliation: IHEP/BNL<br>E-mail: weijie@ihep.ac.cn<br>Address: P.O.box.918-9 100049, Beijing China<br>Telephone: 86-10-88235976<br>Fax: 86-10-88235976<hr><br><br>Id: 236<br>Title: dwcxfjykr sqnm<br>Author: pndlgy vcoqa<br>Keywords: pndlgy vcoqa<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: vgkby fxwgjzhv uzyc vmurhw lxcsf lqzrub cxeqgum<br><br>First name: pndlgy vcoqa<br>Last name: pndlgy vcoqa<br>Affiliation: pndlgy vcoqa<br>E-mail: wfqmv@mail.com<br>Address: wfqmv@mail.com<br>Telephone: pndlgy vcoqa<br>Fax: pndlgy vcoqa<hr><br><br>Id: 239<br>Title: alsx hqfn<br>Author: ydbh nthq<br>Keywords: ydbh nthq<br>Presentation: ydbh n<br>Abstract: hbyws lnweadoc ivlnozf hwyvm eomifqxb nzihflx egdluzk<br><br>First name: ydbh nthq<br>Last name: ydbh nthq<br>Affiliation: ydbh nthq<br>E-mail: pxfn@gmail.com<br>Address: ydbh nthq<br>Telephone: ydbh nthq<br>Fax: ydbh nthq<hr><br><br>Id: 240<br>Title: auto insurnace<br>Author: texas car insurance<br>Keywords: Nuwara Eliya<br>Presentation: oral<br>Abstract: <br><br>First name: texas car insurance<br>Last name: texas car insurance<br>Affiliation: <br>E-mail: joh00n@z0es.com<br>Address: http://intexasautoinsurance.com/<br>Telephone: 123456<br>Fax: 123456<hr><br>